Corrections and Retractions Policy
IJICES is committed to maintaining an accurate, transparent, and reliable scholarly record. When significant errors or concerns are identified after publication, the journal will assess the available evidence and determine the appropriate corrective action.
Corrections
A correction may be issued when an error affects the accuracy, completeness, attribution, or interpretation of an article but does not invalidate its overall findings. Corrections will identify the affected article and explain the change.
Expressions of Concern
An expression of concern may be published when credible questions about an article arise but an investigation is incomplete or the available evidence does not yet support a final conclusion.
Retractions
Retraction may be considered when findings are unreliable because of serious error, data fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, unethical research, substantial redundant publication, or other significant breaches of publication ethics.
A retraction notice will explain the reason for retraction as clearly as appropriate, identify the affected article, and be linked to the original publication.
Investigation
The editorial team may request information from authors, reviewers, institutions, or other relevant parties. Authors will normally be given an opportunity to respond to concerns unless circumstances require urgent action to protect the scholarly record.
Preservation of the Record
Articles will not ordinarily be silently removed merely because a correction or retraction is required. The original publication record will be retained where legally and technically possible, with an appropriate notice linked to the article.
Appeals
Authors may appeal a decision by submitting a reasoned explanation and supporting evidence. Appeals will be considered by an editor or other appropriate person who was not responsible for the original decision, where feasible.
All actions will be proportionate to the evidence and guided by recognized publication-ethics principles.
